Thought this might be handy to those folks who write a lot of architecture/design documentation like myself.

The latest information on these database types and descriptions can be seen on the following TechNet article:

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc678868.aspx

Upon installation of a SharePoint 2013 Server Enterprise farm, the following SharePoint database are created on an instance of SQL Server 2012:


No

Database

Description
1  Profile The Profile database stores and manages users and associated information. It also stores information about a user’s social network in addition to memberships in distribution lists and sites.
2  Synchronization The Synchronization database stores configuration and staging data for use when profile data is being synchronized with directory services such as Active Directory.
3  Social Tagging The Social Tagging database stores social tags and notes created by users, alongside their respective URLs.
4 Word Automation Services service application database  The Word Automation Services database stores information about pending and completed document conversions and updates. The Word Automation Services Timer Job processes and distributes this information as queued conversion job items to application servers.
5 Managed Metadata Service service application database The Managed Metadata service application database stores managed metadata and syndicated content types.
6 SharePoint Translation Services service application database The Machine Translation Services stores information about pending and completed batch document translations with file extensions that are enabled.
7 PerformancePoint Services service application database The PerformancePoint Services database stores temporary objects and persisted user comments and settings.
8 Project Server service application database Project Server creates a separate database for each instance of Project Web App. *Requires Project Server which is not in scope
9 SQL Server Power Pivot Service service application database The Power Pivot Service database stores data refresh schedules, and Power Pivot usage data that is copied from the central usage data collection database. *SQL Server 2012 Power Pivot for SharePoint 2013 requires SQL Server 2012 Analysis Services (SSAS), Business Intelligence or Enterprise edition.
10 State Service service application database The State Service database stores temporary state information for InfoPath Forms Services, Exchange Server, the chart Web Part, and Visio Services.
11 SQL Server system databases SharePoint Server 2013 is built on SQL Server and uses the SQL Server system databases. SQL Server does not let users directly update information in system objects such as system tables, system stored procedures, and catalog views. Instead, SQL Server provides a complete set of administrative tools that let users fully administer their system and manage all users and objects in a database. For more information about the SQL Server system databases, see System Databases.
12 master database  The master database records all the system-level information for a SQL Server instance. This includes logins, configurations, and other databases.
13 model database  The model database is used as the template for all databases created on the SQL Server instance. Any modifications made to the model database are also applied to all databases created afterward.
14 msdb database  The msdb database is used by SQL Server Agent for scheduling alerts and jobs.
15 tempdb database The tempdb database holds temporary objects or intermediate result sets. For example, it holds all temporary tables, temporary stored procedures, and any other temporary storage needs. The tempdb is recreated every time SQL Server starts.
16 Report Server Catalog database The SQL Server Reporting Services Report Server Catalog database stores all report metadata including report definitions, report history and snapshots, and scheduling information. When Report Server Catalog is used, report documents are stored in SharePoint content databases. *Installed when SSRS is installed
17 ReportServerTempDB database The SQL Server Reporting Services ReportServerTempDB database stores all the temporary snapshots while reports are running *Installed when SSRS is installed
18 Report Server Alerting database The Report Server Alerting database stores all Data Alerts metadata and runtime information that is required to produce Data Alerts for Reporting Services operational reports. Data from reports is processed in the database to match rules that are defined in Alert Definitions. *Installed when SSRS is installed
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